本书以精度设计为主题，详细阐述了精度设计作为机械设计的重要内容在生产中的应用。本书共11 章，主要内容如下：绪论、孔和轴的尺寸精度设计、几何精度设计、表面轮廓精度设计、测量技术基础、滚动轴承精度设计、键与花键精度设计、螺纹精度设计、圆柱齿轮精度设计、圆锥配合精度设计、精度设计与精度分析。本书还结合计算机辅助精度分析软件的应用，介绍了精度设计与精度分析案例。

陈雪辉，男，工学博士，教授，硕士研究生导师；现担任安徽建筑大学机电学院机械实验中心主任，是中国机械工程学会激光加工委员会委员、安徽省机械工程学会理事。主要从事数字化设计与制造技术、特种加工技术等方向的科学研究工作，近年来所属科研团队在机械结构零部件的优化设计与智能制造、装备系统的智能控制与检测、机械工程装备的动力学分析计算、激光精密加工技术以及金属粉末材料增材制造（3D打印）技术等方面展开持续深入的研究。

目 录
第1 章 绪论 ·················································································································.1
1.1 概述 ··················································································································.2
1.1.1 几何量精度设计 ·························································································.2
1.1.2 测量技术 ··································································································.2
1.1.3 本课程的学习要求 ······················································································.2
1.1.4 本课程特点及学习方法 ················································································.3
1.2 互换性与公差 ······································································································.3
1.2.1 互换性与公差的概念 ···················································································.4
1.2.2 互换性的作用 ····························································································.4
1.2.3 互换性的种类 ····························································································.5
1.3 标准化与优先数系 ································································································.5
1.3.1 标准与标准化的概念 ···················································································.5
1.3.2 标准的分类及代号 ······················································································.6
1.3.3 国际标准化简介 ·························································································.8
1.3.4 优先数系和优先数 ····················································································.11
本章小结 ·················································································································.14
习题 ·······················································································································.14
第2 章 孔和轴的尺寸精度设计 ···················································································.15
2.1 概述 ················································································································.16
2.2 极限与配合的基本术语及定义 ···············································································.16
2.2.1 与要素有关的术语及定义 ···········································································.16
2.2.2 与尺寸有关的术语及定义 ···········································································.17
2.2.3 孔和轴的定义 ··························································································.18
2.2.4 与偏差和公差有关的术语及定义 ··································································.19
2.2.5 与配合有关的术语及定义 ···········································································.22
2.3 尺寸公差标准和基本偏差标准的构成 ······································································.26
2.3.1 标准公差系列 ··························································································.26
2.3.2 基本偏差系列 ··························································································.28
2.3.3 孔和轴的常用公差带与配合 ········································································.36
2.3.4 极限与配合在图样上的标注 ········································································.37
2.4 孔和轴的配合精度设计 ························································································.39
2.4.1 配合制 ···································································································.39
2.4.2 公差等级 ································································································.40
2.4.3 配合种类 ································································································.43
2.5 一般公差 ··········································································································.47
2.5.1 一般公差的概念 ·······················································································.47
2.5.2 一般公差的等级和极限偏差值 ·····································································.48
2.5.3 一般公差的图样表示法 ··············································································.49
本章小结 ·················································································································.49
习题 ·······················································································································.49
第3 章 几何精度设计 ·································································································.52
3.1 概述 ················································································································.53
3.1.1 几何要素分类 ··························································································.53
3.1.2 几何公差的特征项目及其符号 ·····································································.54
3.1.3 几何公差在图样上的标注方法 ·····································································.55
3.1.4 几何公差和几何公差带的特征 ·····································································.57
3.2 形状公差及形状误差的评定 ··················································································.59
3.2.1 形状公差 ································································································.59
3.2.2 形状误差及其评定 ····················································································.66
3.3 方向公差、位置公差和跳动公差及对应误差的评定 ····················································.66
3.3.1 基准及误差评定 ·······················································································.66
3.3.2 方向公差 ································································································.68
3.3.3 位置公差 ································································································.74
3.3.4 跳动公差 ································································································.77
3.4 几何公差与尺寸公差的关系 ··················································································.80
3.4.1 基本概念 ································································································.80
3.4.2 独立原则 ································································································.84
3.4.3 包容要求 ································································································.84
3.4.4 最大实体要求 ··························································································.86
3.4.5 最小实体要求 ··························································································.90
3.4.6 可逆要求 ································································································.92
3.5 几何公差的选用 ·································································································.94
3.5.1 几何公差特征项目的选用 ···········································································.94
3.5.2 公差原则的选用 ·······················································································.95
3.5.3 基准要素的选用 ·······················································································.96
3.5.4 几何公差值的选用 ····················································································.97
本章小结 ················································································································.104
习题 ······················································································································.104
第4 章 表面轮廓精度设计 ·························································································.108
4.1 概述 ···············································································································.109
4.1.1 表面粗糙度的定义 ···················································································.109
4.1.2 表面粗糙度对零件使用性能的影响 ······························································.109
4.2 表面粗糙度的评定 ·····························································································.110
4.2.1 基本术语 ·······························································································.110
4.2.2 表面轮廓（粗糙度）的评定参数 ·································································.113
4.3 表面粗糙度的符号及其标注方法 ···········································································.116
4.3.1 表面粗糙度的符号 ···················································································.116
4.3.2 表面粗糙度的标注方法 ·············································································.117
4.4 表面粗糙度的选用 ·····························································································.124
4.4.1 表面粗糙度评定参数项目的选用 ·································································.124
4.4.2 表面粗糙度评定参数值的选用 ····································································.125
4.5 表面粗糙度的检测 ·····························································································.131
本章小结 ················································································································.133
习题 ······················································································································.133
第5 章 测量技术基础 ································································································.135
5.1 概述 ···············································································································.136
5.1.1 测量的定义 ····························································································.136
5.1.2 测量过程的4 个要素 ················································································.136
5.1.3 计量基准 ·······························································································.137
5.1.4 量块 ·····································································································.138
5.2 测量仪器和测量方法 ··························································································.141
5.2.1 测量仪器的基本技术性能指标 ····································································.141
5.2.2 测量仪器 ·······························································································.142
5.2.3 测量方法 ·······························································································.143
5.3 测量误差及数据处理 ··························································································.145
5.3.1 基本概念 ·······························································································.145
5.3.2 测量误差的来源 ······················································································.146
5.3.3 测量误差的分类 ······················································································.147
5.3.4 测量精度的分类 ······················································································.148
5.3.5 测量数据的处理 ······················································································.149
5.4 光滑工件尺寸的检测 ··························································································.159
5.4.1 孔和轴实际尺寸的验收极限 ·······································································.159
5.4.2 光滑极限量规 ·························································································.164
本章小结 ················································································································.170
习题 ······················································································································.170
第6 章 滚动轴承精度设计 ·························································································.172
6.1 概述 ···············································································································.173
6.2 滚动轴承内径和外径的公差带及其特点 ··································································.173
6.2.1 滚动轴承的公差带 ···················································································.173
6.2.2 滚动轴承的尺寸精度和旋转精度 ·································································.174
6.2.3 轴颈和轴承座孔的尺寸公差带 ····································································.177
6.2.4 滚动轴承内径和外径公差带的特点 ······························································.177
6.3 滚动轴承与轴和轴承座孔的配合及其选用 ·······························································.178
6.3.1 轴承配合的选用 ······················································································.178
6.3.2 轴和轴承座孔的形位公差与表面粗糙度参数值的选用 ······································.182
6.3.3 轴和轴承座孔精度设计举例 ·······································································.183
本章小结 ················································································································.184
习题 ······················································································································.184
第7 章 键与花键精度设计 ·························································································.186
7.1 键连接概述 ······································································································.187
7.2 普通平键连接的精度设计 ····················································································.187
7.2.1 普通平键连接的结构和几何参数 ·································································.187
7.2.2 普通平键连接的公差与配合 ·······································································.188
7.3 矩形花键连接的精度设计 ····················································································.191
7.3.1 矩形花键的尺寸系列 ················································································.191
7.3.2 矩形花键的几何参数和定心方式 ·································································.192
7.3.3 矩形花键连接的极限与配合 ·······································································.193
本章小结 ················································································································.197
习题 ······················································································································.198
第8 章 螺纹精度设计 ································································································.199
8.1 概述 ···············································································································.200
8.1.1 螺纹的种类及使用要求 ·············································································.200
8.1.2 普通螺纹的基本牙型和主要几何参数 ···························································.200
8.2 普通螺纹几何参数误差对互换性的影响 ··································································.203
8.2.1 螺距误差对互换性的影响 ··········································································.203
8.2.2 牙侧角偏差对互换性的影响 ·······································································.204
8.2.3 螺纹直径偏差对互换性的影响 ····································································.205
8.2.4 作用中径和螺纹中径合格性的判断 ······························································.205
8.3 普通螺纹的公差与配合 ·······················································································.206
8.3.1 螺纹公差带 ····························································································.206
8.3.2 螺纹公差带的选用 ···················································································.209
8.3.3 普通螺纹标记 ·························································································.210
8.4 普通螺纹的检测 ································································································.212
8.4.1 综合检测 ·······························································································.212
8.4.2 单项测量 ·······························································································.212
本章小结 ················································································································.213
习题 ······················································································································.213
第9 章 圆柱齿轮精度设计 ·························································································.214
9.1 齿轮传动及其使用要求 ·······················································································.215
9.1.1 齿轮传动 ·······························································································.215
9.1.2 齿轮传动的使用要求 ················································································.215
9.2 圆柱齿轮加工误差的分析 ····················································································.216
9.2.1 圆柱齿轮加工误差的主要来源 ····································································.216
9.2.2 圆柱齿轮加工误差的分类 ··········································································.217
9.3 圆柱齿轮精度的评定参数及其检测 ········································································.218
9.3.1 齿距偏差 ·······························································································.219
9.3.2 齿廓偏差 ·······························································································.221
9.3.3 螺旋线偏差 ····························································································.223
9.3.4 径向跳动 ·······························································································.224
9.3.5 切向综合偏差 ·························································································.225
9.3.6 径向综合偏差 ·························································································.226
9.3.7 齿轮的其他评定参数 ················································································.228
9.4 齿轮副安装误差的评定参数 ·················································································.231
9.4.1 齿轮副中心距偏差 ···················································································.231
9.4.2 齿轮副轴线平行度偏差 ·············································································.232
9.5 渐开线圆柱齿轮公差等级标准 ··············································································.232
9.5.1 齿面公差分级制及其应用 ··········································································.232
9.5.2 齿轮副侧隙精度指标的确定 ·······································································.235
9.5.3 检测项目的选择 ······················································································.237
9.5.4 齿坯公差 ·······························································································.238
9.5.5 齿轮齿面和基准面的表面粗糙度要求 ···························································.240
9.5.6 图样上的齿轮齿面公差要求 ·······································································.240
本章小结 ················································································································.241
习题 ······················································································································.241
第10 章 圆锥配合精度设计 ·······················································································.242
10.1 概述 ·············································································································.243
10.1.1 圆锥的主要几何参数 ···············································································.243
10.1.2 有关圆锥公差的术语 ···············································································.244
10.1.3 有关圆锥配合的术语 ···············································································.245
10.2 圆锥公差与配合 ······························································································.247
10.2.1 圆锥公差项目 ························································································.247
10.2.2 圆锥公差的给定及标注方法 ······································································.248
10.2.3 圆锥配合的一般规定 ···············································································.249
10.3 锥度和圆锥角的检测 ························································································.250
10.3.1 直接检测锥度和圆锥角 ············································································.250
10.3.2 用量规检测圆锥角偏差 ············································································.250
10.3.3 间接检测圆锥角 ·····················································································.251
本章小结 ················································································································.252
习题 ······················································································································.252
第11 章 精度设计与精度分析 ····················································································.253
11.1 尺寸链的精度设计 ···························································································.253
11.1.1 尺寸链概述 ···························································································.254
11.1.2 尺寸链的计算 ························································································.257
11.2 精度设计案例 ·································································································.262
11.2.1 尺寸精度设计 ························································································.263
11.2.2 输出轴的几何精度设计 ············································································.265
11.2.3 零部件表面粗糙度参数值的选择 ································································.266
11.3 计算机辅助精度分析软件介绍 ············································································.266
本章小结 ················································································································.271
习题 ······················································································································.272
参考文献 ·····················································································································.274