本书系统阐述数据可视化技术的核心理论、实用工具、方法体系及行业应用，兼顾理论深度与实践导向，构建了“基础—工具—方法—应用—前沿”的闭环知识链。全书共 8 章，从数据可视化概述入手，逐步讲解视觉通道、流程与设计原则等基础内容，详解 Excel、Power BI、Tableau、Python 等主流工具的操作逻辑，分类介绍各类数据的可视化方法，重点融合大模型、数据挖掘与可视化的交叉应用，结合智慧城市、医疗健康等多行业案例拆解实践技巧，最后展望技术发展趋势与伦理挑战。本书特色在于紧跟技术前沿，将大模型等新兴技术与传统可视化方法有机结合，案例贴合实际应用场景，兼顾科学性与实用性；结构层次清晰，循序渐进，适配教学与自学需求。本书可供高等院校计算机、大数据、统计学、信息管理等相关专业本科生使用，同时可供从事数据处理、数据分析、可视化设计的工程技术人员及相关领域研究者参考使用。

朱婷婷，副教授，毕业于西南交通大学信号与信息处理专业，目前在广东白云学院从事数据挖掘与数据分析、人工智能计算机视觉方向研究。

第 1 章 数据可视化概述 ·····················································································1
1.1 什么是数据可视化 ···········································································1
1.2 数据可视化的发展历史 ·····································································2
1.2.1 17 世纪以前：早期地图和图表 ··················································2
1.2.2 17 世纪：测量与理论 ······························································3
1.2.3 18 世纪：图形表示的扩展与创新 ···············································4
1.2.4 19 世纪上半叶：现代图形的开端 ···············································4
1.2.5 19 世纪下半叶：统计图形的黄金时代 ·········································5
1.2.6 20 世纪下半叶：高交互式和动态数据可视化 ································7
1.3 数据可视化的分类 ···········································································8
1.3.1 科学可视化 ···········································································8
1.3.2 信息可视化 ···········································································8
1.3.3 可视化分析 ···········································································9
1.4 数据可视化的作用 ···········································································9
1.4.1 信息记录 ··············································································9
1.4.2 推理分析 ···········································································.10
1.4.3 信息传播与协同 ··································································.10
1.5 数据可视化的应用 ········································································.11
1.5.1 商业智能与数据分析 ····························································.11
1.5.2 科学研究与数据挖掘 ····························································.11
1.5.3 健康医疗 ···········································································.12
1.5.4 金融行业 ···········································································.12
1.5.5 政府与社会管理 ··································································.13
1.6 本章小结 ····················································································.14
习题 ·································································································.15
第 2 章 数据可视化基础··················································································.16
2.1 视觉通道 ····················································································.16
数据可视化技术与应用
2.1.1 视觉通道的原理 ··································································.16
2.1.2 视觉通道的类型 ··································································.17
2.2 数据可视化流程 ···········································································.19
2.2.1 数据可视化流程简介 ····························································.20
2.2.2 数据可视化流程的实施步骤 ···················································.21
2.3 数据可视化的设计原则与技巧 ·························································.23
2.3.1 数据可视化设计原则概述 ······················································.23
2.3.2 数据可视化设计原则的实施 ···················································.24
2.3.3 数据可视化设计技巧 ····························································.25
2.4 本章小结 ····················································································.29
习题 ·································································································.29
第 3 章 数据可视化工具··················································································.32
3.1 Excel··························································································.32
3.1.1 Excel 简介··········································································.32
3.1.2 Excel 数据可视化实例···························································.32
3.2 Power BI ·····················································································.37
3.2.1 Power BI 简介 ·····································································.38
3.2.2 Power BI 安装 ·····································································.38
3.2.3 Power BI 数据导入 ·······························································.40
3.2.4 Power BI 数据可视化实例······················································.41
3.3 Tableau ·······················································································.45
3.3.1 Tableau 简介 ·······································································.45
3.3.2 Tableau 安装 ·······································································.46
3.3.3 Tableau 数据导入·································································.47
3.3.4 Tableau 数据可视化实例························································.49
3.4 Python ························································································.51
3.4.1 Python 简介········································································.51
3.4.2 Python 安装········································································.52
3.4.3 常用 Python 可视化库概述 ·····················································.53
3.4.4 Python 数据实例··································································.55
3.5 本章小结 ····················································································.62
习题 ·································································································.62
第 4 章 数据可视化方法··················································································.63
4.1 时间数据可视化 ···········································································.63
4.1.1 折线图 ··············································································.63
4.1.2 甘特图 ··············································································.65
4.1.3 日历视图 ···········································································.67
4.1.4 主题河流图 ········································································.70
4.2 比例数据可视化 ···········································································.72
4.2.1 饼图/环形图 ·······································································.72
4.2.2 堆叠柱形图 ········································································.74
4.2.3 箱线图 ··············································································.76
4.3 层次数据可视化 ···········································································.78
4.3.1 树状图 ··············································································.79
4.3.2 旭日图 ··············································································.81
4.3.3 和弦图 ··············································································.84
4.4 文本数据可视化 ···········································································.87
4.5 网络数据可视化 ···········································································.89
4.5.1 网络图 ··············································································.89
4.5.2 桑基图 ··············································································.91
4.5.3 雷达图 ··············································································.94
4.6 本章小结 ····················································································.96
习题 ·································································································.99
第 5 章 大模型数据可视化···············································································101
5.1 大模型数据可视化概述 ··································································101
5.1.1 大模型数据可视化的意义与挑战 ·············································101
5.1.2 大模型的发展历程 ·······························································102
5.1.3 常见的数据可视化大模型 ······················································104
5.2 基于大模型的数据可视化 ·······························································107
5.2.1 数据分析 ···········································································107
5.2.2 数据可视化图表自动生成 ·····················································.111
5.2.3 可视化大屏自动生成 ····························································115
5.3 大模型数据可视化应用 ··································································116
5.3.1 金融行业：风险监控与市场分析 ·············································116
5.3.2 医疗行业：患者数据与疾病研究 ·············································117
5.3.3 电商行业：销售分析与用户行为洞察 ·······································118
5.3.4 教育行业：学生学习情况与教学评估 ·······································118
5.4 本章小结 ····················································································119
习题 ·································································································120
第 6 章 数据挖掘与可视化···············································································121
6.1 数据挖掘的概念 ···········································································121
6.1.1 数据挖掘的定义与流程 ·························································121
6.1.2 常见的数据挖掘算法 ····························································123
6.2 数据挖掘结果的可视化 ··································································139
6.2.1 分类结果的可视化展示 ·························································140
6.2.2 聚类结果的可视化分析 ·························································141
6.2.3 关联规则的可视化分析 ·························································143
6.3 数据挖掘与可视化的应用案例 ·························································144
6.3.1 客户细分与行为分析的可视化案例 ··········································144
6.3.2 购物篮分析与购物习惯挖掘的可视化案例 ·································147
6.3.3 网络事件安全检测与响应的可视化案例 ····································151
6.4 本章小结 ····················································································157
习题 ·································································································158
第 7 章 数据可视化行业应用············································································160
7.1 智慧城市数据分析与可视化 ····························································160
7.1.1 智慧城市数据介绍 ·······························································160
7.1.2 智慧城市数据可视化分析案例 ················································161
7.2 销售交易数据分析和可视化 ····························································168
7.2.1 销售交易数据介绍 ·······························································168
7.2.2 销售交易数据可视化分析实例 ················································169
7.3 医疗健康数据分析与可视化 ····························································170
7.3.1 医疗健康数据介绍 ·······························································170
7.3.2 医疗健康数据可视化分析实例 ················································171
7.4 教育数据分析与可视化 ··································································174
7.4.1 教育数据介绍 ·····································································174
7.4.2 教育数据可视化分析实例 ······················································175
7.5 本章小结 ····················································································179
习题 ·································································································179
第 8 章 数据可视化技术未来发展······································································181
8.1 发展趋势 ····················································································181
8.1.1 AI 深度赋能 ·······································································181
8.1.2 AR/VR 沉浸式体验 ······························································182
8.1.3 数据民主化 ········································································182
8.1.4 实时动态可视化 ··································································183
8.2 关键技术突破方向 ········································································183
8.2.1 高维数据可视化 ··································································183
8.2.2 企业级可视化平台 ·······························································184
8.2.3 量子计算 ···········································································184
8.3 行业应用创新场景 ········································································185
8.3.1 金融领域 ···········································································185
8.3.2 医疗健康领域 ·····································································185
8.3.3 智能制造 ···········································································185
8.3.4 智慧城市 ···········································································185
8.4 面临的挑战与伦理考量 ··································································186
8.4.1 技术层面的核心挑战 ····························································186
8.4.2 伦理与合规风险 ··································································186
8.5 本章小结 ····················································································186
习题 ·································································································187
参考文献 ·······································································································188