TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol，传输控制协议/网际协议)是用于计算机通信的一个协议族,几乎所有的网络操作系统都提供对TCP/IP的支持，TCP/IP已经是Internet的标准协议。

　　本书是介绍TCP/IP协议族的经典图书的最新版本。全书含有7大部分共30章和7个附录：第１部分介绍一些基本概念和基础底层技术；第２部分介绍网络层协议；第３部分介绍传输层协议；第４部分介绍应用层协议；第５部分介绍下一代协议，即IPv6协议；第６部分介绍网络安全问题；第７部分给出了7个附录。

每章的最后都有实践安排，其中的第１部分是习题，第２部分是研究活动，要求学生或读者查找课外的阅读资料。

　　本书可作为大学生和研究生的教材，对从事计算机网络教学的老师和科研人员以及工程技术人员也有很好的参考价值。

网络编程经典名著，经久不衰佳作（全英文版本的哦）

Preface
echnologies related to networks and internetworking may be the fastest growing in
our culture today. Many professors and students who have used, read, or reviewed
the third edition of the book suggested the publication of a new edition that include
these changes. In the fourth edition, I have reorganized the book incorporating many
changes and added several new chapters and appendices.
The fourth edition of the book assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of the
TCP/IP protocol suite, although a previous course in data communications is desirable.
Organization
This book is divided into seven parts.
?
Part I (Introduction and Underlying Technologies), comprising Chapters 1 to 3,
reviews the basic concepts and underlying technologies that, although independent
from the TCP/IP protocols, are needed to support them.
?
Part II (Network Layer), comprising Chapters 4 to 12, discusses IPv4 addressing,
the IPv4 protocol, all auxiliary protocols helping IPv4 protocol, and unicast and
multicast routing protocols.
?
Part III (Transport Layer), comprising Chapters 13 to 16, introduces the general
concepts in the transport layer (Chapter 13) and then fully discusses three transport
layer protocols: UDP, TCP, and SCTP (Chapters 14, 15, and 16).
?
Part IV (Application Layer), comprising Chapters 17 to 25, introduces the general
concepts in the application layer including client-server programming (Chapter 17)
and then fully discusses seven application layer protocols (Chapters 18 to 24).
Chapter 25 is devoted to multimedia in the Internet.
?
Part V (New Generation), comprising Chapters 26 to 28, introduces the new generation
of IP protocol, IPv6 addressing (Chapter 26), IPv6 protocol (Chapter 27), and
ICMPv6 (Chapter 28).
?
Part VI (Security), comprising Chapters 29 to 30, discusses the inevitable topics such
as cryptography and network security (Chapter 29) and Internet security (Chapter 30).
?
Part VII (Appendices) inclosed seven appendices that may be needed when reading
the book.
Features
Several features of this text are designed to make it particularly easy for students to
understand TCP/IP.
T
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xxxii PREFACE
Visual Approach
The book presents highly technical subject matter without complex formulas by using a
balance of text and figures. More than 650 figures accompanying the text provide a
visual and intuitive opportunity for understanding the material. Figures are particularly
important in explaining networking concepts, which are based on connections and
transmission. Often, these are more easily grasped visually rather than verbally.
Highlighted Points
I have repeated important concepts in boxes for quick reference and immediate attention.
Examples and Applications
Whenever appropriate, I have included examples that illustrate the concepts introduced
in the text. Also, I have added real-life applications throughout each chapter to motivate
students.
Protocol Packages
Although I have not tried to give the detailed code for implementing each protocol,
many chapters contain a section that discusses the general idea behind the implementation
of each protocol. These sections provide an understanding of the ideas and issues
involved in each protocol, but may be considered optional material.
Key Terms
The new terms used in each chapter are listed at the end of the chapter and their definitions
are included in the glossary.
Summary
Each chapter ends with a summary of the material covered by that chapter. The summary
is a bulleted overview of all the key points in the chapter.
Practice Set
Each chapter includes a practice set designed to reinforce salient concepts and encourage
students to apply them. It consists of two parts: exercises and research activities.
Exercises require understanding of the material. Research activities challenge those who
want to delve more deeply into the material.
Appendices
The appendices are intended to provide a quick reference or review of materials needed
to understand the concepts discussed in the book. The appendices in the previous edition
have been revised, combined, and some new ones have been added.
Glossary and Acronyms
The book contains an extensive glossary and a list of acronyms.
Instructor Resources
Solutions, PowerPoint presentations, and Student Quizzes are available through the
book’s website at www.mhhe.com/forouzan.
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PREFACE xxxiii
Electronic Book Options
CourseSmart. This text is offered through CourseSmart for both instructors and students.
CourseSmart is an online browser where students can purchase access to this and
other McGraw-Hill textbooks in digital format. Through their browser, students can
access a complete text online at almost half the cost of a traditional text. Purchasing the
etextbook also allows students to take advantage of CourseSmart’s Web tools for learning,
which include full text search, notes and highlighting, and e-mail tools for sharing
notes between classmates. To learn more about CourseSmart options, contact your
sales representative or visit www.CourseSmart.com.
VitalSource. VitalSource is a downloadable eBook. Students who choose the Vital-
Source eBook can save up to 45 percent off the cost of the print book, reduce their
impact on the environment, and access powerful digital learning tools. Students can
share notes with others, customize the layout of the etextbook, and quickly search their
entire etextbook library for key concepts. Students can also print sections of the book
for maximum portability.
New and Changes to the Fourth Edition
There are many changes and much new material in the fourth edition, including:
? Chapter objectives have been added to the beginning of each chapter.
? A brief references list and a list of corresponding RFCs have been added at the end
of each chapter.
? Some new exercises and some research activities are added to some chapters.
? Figures are revised to reflect their relation to the actual technology used today.
? Chapter 3 (Underlying Technologies) has been totally revised to cover new
technologies
? Chapter 4 (Introduction to Network Layer) is totally new.
? Chapter 13 (Introduction to the Transport Layer) is totally new.
? Chapter 17 (Introduction to the Application Layer) is totally new.
? Chapter 5 now discusses both classful and classless addressing (a combination of
Chapters 4 and 5 in the third edition).
? Chapter 6 has been revised to include MPLS.
? Materials on New Generation Internet Protocol (IPv6) has been augmented to three
chapters (Chapters 26, 27, 28).
? Materials on security have been augmented to two chapters (Chapters 29, 30).
? Some deprecated protocols, such as RARP and BOOTP are removed to provide
space for new material.
? Chapters are reorganized according to the layers in TCP/IP protocol suite.
? Appendix A (ASCII Code) has been replaced by Unicode.
? Appendix C (Error Detection) has been totally revised and augmented.
? Appendix D (Checksum) is totally revised.
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xxxiv PREFACE
? Appendix E (HTML, XHTML, XML, and XSL) is totally new.
? Appendix F (Client-Server Programming in Java) is totally new.
? Appendix G (Miscellaneous Information) is now a combination of the previous
Appendices F, G, and H.
How to Use the Book
This book is written for both academic and professional audiences. The book can be
used as a self-study guide for interested professionals. As a textbook, it can be used for
a one-semester or one-quarter course. The chapters are organized to provide a great
deal of flexibility. I suggest the following:
? Chapters 1 to 3 can be skipped if students have already taken a course in data communications
and networking.
? Chapters 4 through 25 are essential for understanding the TCP/IP protocol suite.
? Chapters 26 to 28 can be used at the professor’s discretion if there is a need for
making the student familiar with the new generation.
? Chapters 29 and 30 can prepare the students for a security course, but they can be
skipped if there is time restraint.
Acknowledgments for the Fourth Edition
It is obvious that the development of a book of this scope needs the support of many
people. I acknowledged the contributions of many people in the preface of the first
three editions. For the fourth edition, I would like to acknowledge the contributions
from peer reviewers to the development of the book. These reviewers are:
Dale Buchholz, DePaul University
Victor Clincy, Kennesaw State University
Richard Coppins, Virginia Commonwealth University
Zongming Fei, University of Kentucky
Guy Hembroff, Michigan Tech University
Frank Lin, San Jose State University
Tim Lin, California Polytechnic University–Pomona
Abdallah Shami, University of Western Ontario
Elsa Valeroso, Eastern Michigan University
Mark Weiser, Oklahoma State University
Ben Zhao, University of California at Santa Barbara
I acknowledge the invaluable contributions of professor Paul Amer for providing
comments and feedbacks on the manuscript.
Special thanks go to the staff of McGraw-Hill. Raghu Srinivasan, the publisher,
proved how a proficient publisher can make the impossible, possible. Melinda Bilecki,
the developmental editor, gave help whenever I needed it. Joyce Watters, the project
manager, guided me through the production process with enormous enthusiasm. I also
thank Les Chappell of Macmillan Publishing Solutions in production, Laurie Janssen,
the designer, and George F. Watson, the copy editor.
Behrouz A. Forouzan
January, 2009.
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xxxv
Trademarks
hroughout the text I have used several trademarks. Rather than insert a trademark
symbol with each mention of the trademark name, I acknowledge the trademarks
here and state that they are used with no intention of infringing upon them. Other product
names, trademarks, and registered trademarks are the property of their respective
owners.
? Network File System and NFS are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems,
Inc.
? UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Novell, Inc.
? Xerox is a trademark and Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corp.

　　Behrouz A. Forouzan生于1944年，是美国加利福尼亚州DeAnza学院的计算机科学与工程(Computer Science andEngineering)系的教授，同时兼任多家公司的系统开发顾问。Behrouz教授曾出版了10余部涵盖计算机科学、网络、安全、编程、数据库等领域的热门著作，大部分作品都持续再版。《TCP/IP协议族》就是他的经典著作之一。

Brief Contents
Preface xxxi
Trademarks xxxv
Part 1
Introduction and Underlying Technologies1
Chapter 1
Introduction 2
Chapter 2
The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite18
Chapter 3
Underlying Technologies46
Part 2
Network Layer 93
Chapter 4
Introduction to Network Layer94

Brief Contents

Preface xxxi

Trademarks xxxv

Part 1

Introduction and Underlying Technologies1

Chapter 1

Introduction 2

Chapter 2

The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite18

Chapter 3

Underlying Technologies46

Part 2

Network Layer 93

Chapter 4

Introduction to Network Layer94

Chapter 5

IPv4 Addresses 114

Chapter 6

Delivery and Forwarding of IP Packets160

Chapter 7

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)186

Chapter 8

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)220

Chapter 9

Internet Control Message Protocol Version 4(ICMPv4) 244

Chapter 10

Mobile IP 268

Chapter 11

Unicast Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, and BGP)282

Chapter 12

Multicasting and Multicast Routing Protocols334

Part 3

Transport Layer 373

Chapter 13

Introduction to the Transport Layer374

Chapter 14

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)414

Chapter 15

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)432

Chapter 16

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)502

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viii

BRIEF CONTENTS

Part 4

Application Layer 541

Chapter 17

Introduction to the Application Layer542

Chapter 18

Host Configuration: DHCP568

Chapter 19

Domain Name System (DNS)582

Chapter 20

Remote Login: TELNET and SSH610

Chapter 21

File Transfer: FTP and TFTP630

Chapter 22

World Wide Web and HTTP656

Chapter 23

Electronic Mail: SMTP, POP, IMAP, and MIME680

Chapter 24

Network Management: SNMP706

Chapter 25

Multimedia 728

Part 5

Next Generation 767

Chapter 26

IPv6 Addressing 768

Chapter 27

IPv6 Protocol 786

Chapter 28

ICMPv6 800

Part 6

Security 815

Chapter 29

Cryptography and Network Security816

Chapter 30

Internet Security 858

Part 7

Appendices 891

Appendix A

Unicode 892

Appendix B

Positional Numbering Systems896

Appendix C

Error Detection Codes904

Appendix D

Checksum 914

Appendix E

HTML, XHTML, XML, and XSL920

Appendix F

Client-Server Programming in Java926

Appendix G

Miscellaneous Information932

Glossary 935

References 955

Index 957

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ix

Contents

Preface xxxi

Trademarks xxxv

Part 1

Introduction and Underlying Technologies1

Chapter 1

Introduction 2

1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY 3

ARPANET 3

Birth of the Internet 3

Transmission Control Protocol/InternetworkingProtocol (TCP/IP) 4

MILNET 4

CSNET 4

NSFNET 4

ANSNET 5

The Internet Today 5

World Wide Web 6

Time Line 6

Growth of the Internet 7

1.2 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS7

Protocols 7

Standards 8

1.3 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS8

Standards Creation Committees8

Forums 10

Regulatory Agencies 10

1.4 INTERNET STANDARDS10

Maturity Levels 11

Requirement Levels 12

1.5 INTERNET ADMINISTRATION13

Internet Society (ISOC)13

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)13

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)13

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)14

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) andInternet Corporation

for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)14

Network Information Center (NIC)14

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x

CONTENTS

1.6 FURTHER READING 14

Books and Papers 15

Websites 15

1.7 KEY TERMS 15

1.8 SUMMARY 15

1.9 PRACTICE SET 16

Exercises 16

Research Activities 17

Chapter 2

The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite18

2.1 PROTOCOL LAYERS 19

Hierarchy 20

Services 20

2.2 THE OSI MODEL 20

Layered Architecture 21

Layer-to-Layer Communication22

Encapsulation 23

Layers in the OSI Model24

Summary of OSI Layers 28

2.3 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE28

Comparison between OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Suite28

Layers in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite30

2.4 ADDRESSING 35

Physical Addresses 35

Logical Addresses 37

Port Addresses 39

Application-Specific Addresses40

2.5 FURTHER READING 40

Books 40

RFCs 40

2.6 KEY TERMS 41

2.7 SUMMARY 41

2.8 PRACTICE SET 42

Exercises 42

Research Activities 44

Chapter 3

Underlying Technologies46

3.1 WIRED LOCAL AREA NETWORKS47

IEEE Standards 47

Frame Format 48

Addressing 49

Ethernet Evolution 51

Standard Ethernet 51

Fast Ethernet 55

Gigabit Ethernet 56

Ten-Gigabit Ethernet 59

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